Importance of St. Petersburg in Fyodor Dostoyevskys Crime and Punishme

Significance of St. Petersburg in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment investigates the risky impacts of St. Petersburg, a threatening city, on the mind of the ruined understudy Raskolnikov. In this novel, Petersburg is something other than a background. The city assumes a focal job in the advancement of the characters and the moves that they make. Raskolnikov makes due in one of the confined, dull spaces that are normal for Petersburg. These spaces resemble final resting places; they choke out Raskolnikov's brain. St. Petersburg makes an unusual situation where Raskolnikov can make the Overman Theory, yet he can likewise do it by killing a pawnbroker without hesitating, at that point legitimize his activities with the conviction that society will be in an ideal situation without her. Raskolnikov finds no help outside of his confined room; the Petersburg atmosphere is similarly as harsh to the mind as the confined space of Raskolnikov’s room. Not exclusively is the outside air risky; it drives him to disc over help in the devil’s bar. While meandering the diabolical roads of St. Petersburg, Raskolnikov enters the devil’s domain as Petersburg bars. These are underhanded spots, where deceptive thoughts of burglary and murder circle. Raskolnikov catches the contorted plan to execute the pawnbroker inside one of these invaded bars. The threatening idea of the spaces in Petersburg permits Raskolnikov to grasp the Overman Theory and the Arithmetic of Morality. Raskolnikov legitimizes slaughtering the pawnbroker since he presumes that it is normal, just, and unadulterated number juggling. One individual must pass on with the goal that the lives of various others might be spared. The Arithmetic of Morality seems coherent to Raskolniko... ...unrest. For Marmeladov, this prompts his implosion as a drunkard, tossing his life and the life of his family away in bars; for Raskolnikov it makes him murder two unprotected ladies, wanting to take cash that can be utilized to help other people. Both these men intend no mischief by their activities, yet their confined, secluded condition molds them into twisted characters who appear to act not of their own will, yet just as got through life by the powers of St. Petersburg. Works Cited Bely, Andrei. Petersburg. Trans. Robert A. Maguire and John E. Malmstad. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1978.  Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. Wrongdoing and Punishment. New York: Penguin Signet Classic, 1968.  Gogol, Nikolai. The Overcoat. The Collected Tales of Nikolai Gogol. Trans. Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998. 394-435.

Drug Use Among African-American Adolescent Females Essay

Medication Use Among African-American Adolescent Females - Essay Example What's more, substance use and misuse prompts more unfortunate execution in school, untimely dropping out, legitimate complexities, and poor work openings. These are unequivocally the issues that a youthful African-American female is sick prepared to stand up to in reality as we know it where race and sexual orientation may as of now place them off guard. African-American juvenile females have made incredible walks in going up against sedate maltreatment, yet there are as yet a few hazard factors that they are routinely presented to. Substance misuse has been distinguished as the country's main medical issue. It is basic to address the issue of adolescent medication use as most clients start utilizing AOD before they turn 15 years of age (Lewis et al., 2002, p.15). For the motivations behind this paper, a pre-adult is an individual going to class in grades 13 through 18 years of age. Venturing and interceding into this age section is one of the keys to the achievement of stemming the tide of chronic drug use. It is quite applicable to comprehend the extent of the issue just as the triggers and stressors that may lead a youthful dark female to utilize medications or backslide after a treatment program. The practical expense to society makes it monetarily basic to mediate at a youthful age. An untreated medication issue costs society right around four fold the amount of as would be spent on a private treatment program (Lewis et al., 2002, p.56). There is likewise an incredible individual cost connected to the abuse r of AOD. Physical wellbeing experiences the medications, yet in addition from poor dietary patterns and the pressure associated with the disgrace of medication use. The legitimate status of high schooler utilization of medications can decimate a little youngster's life by upsetting the instructive procedure and presenting them to other crime. While substance misuse is a significant danger to our general wellbeing, it is one that the country can't bear to overlook. Stressors that raise the danger of medication use are regularly not sexual orientation or race explicit, however there are some outstanding special cases. By and large, females in their youngster years will in general utilize marginally less medications than their male partners. Almost 50 percent of people have attempted an illicit medication by their senior year of secondary school, and liquor is the most well known medication of decision followed by pot (Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, and Schulenberg, 2007, p.115). Nonetheless, weed is the medication that is most routinely utilized, with 1 percent of eighth graders smoking it day by day, and 5 percent of twelfth graders utilizing the medication day by day (Johnston et al., 2007, p.90). As opposed to the run of the mill generalizing of the media, African-American adolescents utilize less medication and less frequently than their Caucasian or Hispanic associates (Johnston et al., 2007, p.132-135). This misperception might be because of the solid connection among's destitution and medication use, and the over-portrayal of African-Americans in the country's punitive framework. Be that as it may, the insights plainly show that youthful African-American females are one of the most minimal utilizing segment gatherings. There are a few constrains that come to shoulder on youthful African-American ladies to start utilizing drugs. Having an open door past secondary school significantly affects an understudy's choice to defer testing and utilizing drugs. Pot use by eighth graders is 50 percent lower among the understudies who are anticipating going to a 4-year school (Johnston, et al., 2007,

Integrity vs. Despair in Psychosocial Development

Integrity vs. Despair in Psychosocial Development Theories Psychosocial Psychology Print Integrity vs. Despair in Psychosocial Development By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on February 01, 2020 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on February 01, 2020 Psychosocial Development Overview Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair Integrity versus despair is the eighth and final stage of Erik Erikson’s stage theory of psychosocial development. This stage begins at approximately age 65 and ends at death. Psychologists, counselors, and nurses today use the concepts of Eriksons stages when providing care for aging patients.?? Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee Erikson’s theory suggests that people pass through eight distinctive developmental stages as they grow and change through life. While many developmental theories tend to focus purely on childhood events, Erikson was one of the few theorists to look at development across the entire course of the lifespan. He was also one of the first to view the aging process itself as part of human development. At each stage of psychosocial development, people are faced with a crisis that acts as a turning point in development. Successfully resolving the crisis leads to developing a psychological virtue that contributes to overall psychological well-being. At the integrity versus despair stage, the key conflict centers on questioning whether or not the individual has led a meaningful, satisfying life. Overview Psychosocial Conflict: Integrity versus despairMajor Question: Did I live a meaningful life?Basic Virtue: WisdomImportant Event(s): Reflecting back on life Integrity vs. Despair The integrity versus despair stage begins as the aging adult begins to tackle the problem of his or her mortality. The onset of this stage is often triggered by life events such as retirement, the loss of a spouse, the loss of friends and acquaintances, facing a terminal illness, and other changes to major roles in life.?? During the integrity versus despair stage, people reflect back on the life they have lived and come away with either a sense of fulfillment from a life well lived or a sense of regret and despair over a life misspent. Successfully resolving the crisis at this stage leads to the development of what Erikson referred to as ego integrity. People are able to look back at their life with a sense of contentment and face the end of life with a sense of wisdom and no regrets.?? Erikson defined this wisdom as an informed and detached concern with life itself even in the face of death itself. Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death.?? Those who are unsuccessful during this phase will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets. The individual will be left with feelings of bitterness and despair. An Example of the Integrity vs.  Despair Stage June just turned 65 and recently retired from her job as a school teacher. As she begins to reflect back on her life, she finds that she experiences both feelings of satisfaction as well as a few regrets. In addition to a career as a teacher that spanned over three decades, she also raised four children and has good relationships with all of her kids. She feels proud of her years educating young children and being around her young grandchildren leaves her with a sense of pride. On the other hand, her youngest daughter bounces from job to job and regularly has to ask June for financial assistance. June wonders at times if there is something she could have done to set her daughter on a better path.  June also feels pangs of regret that she never pursued a graduate degree and moved into an administrative role. Like most people, June looks back on her life and sees both the things she is proud of as well as the things she might regret. How she resolves this crisis determines whether she will achieve ego integrity or if she will be left only with feelings of despair. While she realizes that there are some things she might have done differently if she had the chance, June feels an overall sense of pride and accomplishment in her life. She made valuable contributions to society, successfully raised a family and every time she thinks of her grandchildren she realizes that she has given something to the world that will ultimately outlast her. As she faces the end of her life, June feels a sense of being complete and is able to look back and face what is ahead with a sense of wisdom and peace. A Word From Verywell According to Eriksons theory, individuals dont experience integrity or despair all the time. Instead, most healthy individuals experience a balance between each as they begin to make sense of their lives.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, Or Dna Is A Genetic Code That...

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA is a genetic code that determines the characteristics of a living organism. DNA is a large molecule shaped as a double helix, or twisted ladder. It is made of repeating units called nucleotides. Unlike RNA, DNA does not have uracil, but does have thymine, and the other bases (adenine, cytosine, and guanine). DNA is very important for when it comes to transferring hereditary information. Hereditary material, or â€Å"information† is from the parents of the offspring. It is information passed down from generation to generation and makes the human race unique. Without unique DNA, the human race could become extinct in an instant. The discovery of the double helix structure of DNA was discovered by mainly by†¦show more content†¦DNA is used to determine paternity and solve crimes by using the latest DNA technology. DNA fingerprinting is a test used to identify and evaluate the DNA in a person’s cells. Because every human has a unique fingerprint, it is easy to tell who was at a crime scene when remnants of cells are left. DNA testing can confirm paternity by looking at pedigrees, or taking blood samples. With the DNA technology that is available today, police are able to narrow down suspects in a crime scene. Scientists are now able to discover biological family members that are missing and help with problems like inheritance and child custody. It also helps with adoptions and child support. New DNA technology is now even able to find the probability of having a child with a biological disease. A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence code that can result in a genetic malfunction. Mutations can affect a single base pair, or a large segment of multiple genes. Gene mutations can be classified into two major groups; hereditary and acquired. Hereditary mutations are inherited from a parent and are throughout a person’s life, like downs syndrome and sickle cell anemia. 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It goes back to where it started, not moving at all. The only way we can determine that time will speed up or slow down is due to the spot at where the objects are being viewed. From the perspective of the objects in orbit, the speed of the objects or the force the objects have on each other has not changed. Time requires motionRead MoreWhat is DNA? Where is it found? Essay660 Words   |  3 Pages What is DNA? Where is it found? What makes it so special? How does it work? DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), is defined as a heredity material in humans or all over other organisms in this world. In a person’s body, nearly every cell has a same DNA. Mostly DNA can be found in cell nucleus and few are found in Mitochondria. (Christine A.Evers, 2012). †¢ COMPONENTS OF DNA: The DNA information is stored as a code and they are made up of four chemical bases:

Designing A Cost Classification Approach - 1087 Words

In order to efficiently calculate cost or expenses, Mal Ltd should adopt a cost classification approach. Cost classification is the separation of costs or expenses into different categories. The main categories that is largely used in cost classification are direct and indirect costs which can be broken down into many different costs that are expensed in the business. Cost classification can improve a business in many ways. One of the main benefits is through cost classification, profits can be increased. This is done by having an effective cost control and cost reduction (Kaplan Cooper, 1998. By breaking down costs into fixed and variable costs, it will be easier to control and reduce costs. Cost classification can also help in the fixation of selling price. As the cost of a product can be broken down into more specific costs, it enables the management of Mal Ltd to adopt the most suitable selling price. Classifying costs can help Mal Ltd disclose which activities are profitable an d non-profitable. This enables management to decide whether they want to continue carrying out and expanding profitable activities or eliminating unprofitable activities. It also allows management to improve budgeting (Kaplan Cooper, 1998). With cost classification, management of Mal Ltd can ascertain which costs belong to which department and this allows them to efficiently set budgets for different departments in accordance with the level of activity within the department. In my opinion,Show MoreRelatedA Critical Review On The Uk Government900 Words   |  4 PagesBIM Strategy Report, 2011) This construction strategy is set to start applying Level 2 collaborative 3D BIM with Library Management (created in separate discipline models) on all public building projects by 2016, with the aim of decreasing the total cost and carbon emissions from construction processes and activities by 20%. 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Is mathematics in business necessary in the decision making process Free Essays

string(90) " the most important and essential factor of the production method is to reduce the waste\." Introduction In this assignment, I am going to show how Mathematics in business is necessary in the decision making process. The business which I have chosen to do my assignment is Corus. Corus is the steel manufacturing industry in Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on Is mathematics in business necessary in the decision making process? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Corus The steel industry has a very long and rich history. It has been able to enjoy wide range of economical, political and strategic importance with its remarkable technological varieties and enterprenuership. The steel has been able to establish itself as the material which is strong, reliable and very durable. In the early days the cost of production of steel was very high so was it’s cost. Hence the steel was only used in those place of situations where other materials were unable to do. But today the situation is different. There are hundreds of steel industries producing millions of tonnes of steel every year. Today the steel has become the integral part of our lives mostly for the construction or as home appliances. Among hundreds of steel producers Corus Group is one of them which operates mainly in Europe. History of Corus Corus Group (Currently Tata Steel Europe) which is the largest in UK and second largest steel manufacturing company in Europe, branch of Tata Steel Group of India, one of the ten largest steel producing company in the world (www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/) [Accessed 21st March 2011].The company employs about 42,000 workers around the world. The Corus Long Products (CLP) produces around 4.3 million tonnes of steel products every year. The Corus Group was formed in 6th October 1999 when the British Steel and Koninklijke Hoogovens merged with each other. It was acquired by the Tata Group of Companies on 30th January 2007 with its headquarter establishing in London, England. The Corus has been using its own logo until 27th of September 2010.Though the Corus was acquired by the Tata company no sudden changes were made. Instead it decided to change gradually that is why the visual transition occurred after more than three and half years after being aquired by the Tata Group. It has got the ma nufacturing companies in England, Scotland, Netherlands and France. The Corus has been in the European market for long time and has got it’s own range of customers. The Corus has been operating mainly in the four major steel plants: Port Talbot, South Wales Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire Teesside Ijmuiden in the Netherlands As any other industries Corus too had go through the high and the low phase since its formation in 1999.The company was not doing well in the market resulting into loss each year until 2004. After the research conducted the reasons the company found were: Poor deliveries: The company was unable to provide the materials to the customers on time which led to the dissatisfaction to customers and they moved to other companies to order the products. Competitiveness: Being located in the Europe the Corus had the high cost of production where as the steel manufacturing companies from Asia and Africa were much had much low cost of production which led to the more tough competition. The competition was so high that the Corus group had to merge into Tata steel one of the ten largest steel manufacturing company in the world. High wastages: The company was not very conscious about the adverse effects of the high wastages until the company applied the Continuous Improvement (CI) method to lift the company back in track in 2004. Low motivation/morale staffs: As the company was not doing very well the chances of jobs being cut off were high which led the workers to the job insecurity and low confidence. As the workers were afraid of their jobs would not be recognized by their productivity. The company was giving importance to those staffs who were working in the company for many years rather than the people who were working for the development of the company, who had great talent. The company would give importance to those staffs who were there for many years rather than the talented ones when jobs were being cut. This led to the blow of the self confidence and very low morale of the workers of the company. Since then the company decided to apply the Continuous Improvement (CI) method also known as Kaizen method. This method mainly focuses on the following areas: Focus on making every small improvements: Functions, systems and procedures: This process was to look carefully into the functioning machines and revise the systems and manage the procedures. Decentralization of people to make decisions: Decentralization in company would give all the workers to share their views and suggestions for the betterment of the company. This can be very useful in boosting the motivation of the employees, they can feel their importance to the company is essential. Increasing internal capabilities and raising quality: Meeting customer needs: To succeed in the business sector one of the most important thing required is to meet the customer needs. Once a company becomes able to meet the needs of the customers then no one can stop a company from being successful though it is very tough and equally challenging to meet the needs of customers everytime. Minimize wastages Apply lean production: Trying to figure out and search the best possible way to manufacture goods can always be helpful for the company. (As there can be many other ways of production but as in the case of Corus Lean Production seems the best way.) Increase competitive advantage: Helps you win/get the contracts: Improvising the product and making it more applicable to the customers can always be helpful. If a company develops a product which has more advantageous features with the same price then a company always has a greater chance to attract the new customers as well as the regular ones. Lean Production Helps to reduce waste For example: Time, money and materials: One of the most important and essential factor of the production method is to reduce the waste. You read "Is mathematics in business necessary in the decision making process?" in category "Essay examples" As the waste itself is wastes the useful material and besides that it takes a lot of time and money to manage It or dump it. So if we become able to minimize wastes it can be more profitable in the long term. Rise in efficiency leads to few resources requirement: Using the resources carefully which we can say using the resources efficiently is one of the very important aspect in lean production. This leads to the high output (productivity) with low input. Profit rises because of the increase in productivity: When a company is able to reduce the waste and produce more with less input which means the productivity has gone up and for a company to be profitable the productivity always has to be higher. Just In Time (JIT) Helps in reducing the costs in raw materials and finished goods: This is also one of the very important factor to be more efficient with the materials as this Just In Time method is very helpful in reducing the cost of stocks and risk of being outdated if not delivered in time. So manufacturing the goods only when ordered can be very helpful in using the raw materials very wisely and efficiently. Helpful in meeting the deadlines: Though it sounds easier but to apply the Just In Time method is very difficult as it is very risky. If the products are not delivered just in time the company has even more risk losing its overall business as it creates a bad publicity in between the customers of company not giving importance to them. But these challenges can be very helpful in meeting the deadlines as it has so many risks attached to it. The company (Corus) then focused on mnemonic ‘TIM WOOD’ table which helped the employees to focus in their respective areas. The following is the table of the ’TIM WOOD’: Table 1 http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/downloads/corus/corus_14_full.pdf [Accessed 21st March 2011] New Product Development Acquiring new ideas from different sources Employees, customers, technology and competitors: If we see as an example for the sustainability of any company most of it would be of its new products or ideas. For the sustainability of any company new ideas are very essential which can be taken from anyone around. Employees of company from lower to higher level, customer feedbacks, technology updates and competitors can teach a lot of lessons too. Product innovation derives key steps Research new formula: The company has to keep on researching the new formula for products as the invention of new formula can bring the success to the company. If company tries to cash in in the old products then the customers might be bored of that product and start searching for the next producer. Keep testing: Testing the products is also an important factor of innovation as more you test the more you go closer to finding the defects or the ideas for innovation. Sampling in small scale: Though the testing is very important for the innovation the testing should be done very wisely as the testing might end up using a lot of materials, time and money. So the testing should be done in small scale which is also known as sampling. Product Testing Small scale testing to be efficient: To test a big volume product it is not always compulsory that it needs a big amount of raw materials. Normally the prototype of the product can be made in smaller size and tested in different aspects, which becomes more efficient and less costly. Create prototypes to test effects of different elements The steel ingredients Heating Milling process Cooling Additional heating Creating the whole manufacturing process in small sample/prototypes can always be helpful to test the different elements of manufacturing process. Computer modeling used to track impact of change of each factor Outcomes and benefits of Continuous Improvement Cost efficient: At the end it helps in producing more with less input. Waste minimization: This helps in using the raw materials wisely and efficiently. Helpful in meeting customers deadlines: The manufacturer becomes more time efficient. Above factors help in getting other orders: Competition can be won by following the above factors. Helps the other steel industries to improve overall performance: The whole group of industries can learn the efficient ways of manufacturing and improve the overall performance and productivity. (The methods mentioned above are written keeping the Corus on mind) (These methods can vary according to the types of companies) Tata Steel Group’s Profit after tax for Q3 FY’11 at Rs1,003 crores (US$224 million) was around 112% higher than the profit of Rs473 crores (US$106 million) in the corresponding period of the previous year (Q3 FY’10). During the first nine months of the financial year 2010-11 (9M FY’11), the Group recorded Profit after tax (after minority interest and share of profit of associates) of Rs4,807 crores (US$1.08 billion) compared to a loss of Rs4,443 crores (US$994 million) in 9M FY’10, an improvement of Rs9,250 crores (US$2.07 billion). http://www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/news/news/2011_q3_results [Accessed 22nd March] The above mentioned financial report is acquired from Tata Steel Industry’s website, which shows the profit of the company after paying the tax has gone up in comparison to the previous year’s time period. It shows that the company had lost US$994 million in previous year but made profit of US$1.08 billion this year compared to previous year. Conclusion In the case study of Corus above we can figure out how the decision has to be taken in different types of situation and what kinds of situation can on industry face and how the calculations are done when the company is not doing well. It has helped to analyze the comparisons have to be done to know the company’s status and the decision making can be much easier when research are conducted, data are analyzed and the calculations are done. So the necessity of mathematics in identifying the statistics to make the decisions in business is very crucial. Bibliography: (www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/) [Accessed 21st March 2011]. http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/downloads/corus/corus_14_full.pdf [Accessed 21st March 2011] http://www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/news/news/2011_q3_results [Accessed 22nd March] http://www.worldsteel.org/?action=programsid=53[Accessed 21st March 2011]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Steel_Europe[Accessed 21st March 2011]. http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-study–overcoming-barriers-to-change–56-382-1.php[Accessed 21st March 2011]. How to cite Is mathematics in business necessary in the decision making process?, Essay examples

Total Quality Management (TQM) Global Financial Crisis

Question: Total Quality Management (TQM) can be described to be a management philosophy embracing all activities through which the needs and expectations of the customer and the objectives of the organisation are satisfied in the most effective and efficient way. To implement successful TQM within an organisation the following factors should be addressed: Total employee commitment Strategic and systematic approaches to manage quality Integrated systems Decision making based on fact, both quantitative and qualitative Tools/systems to attain continuous improvements Effective communication throughout the organisation Staff training and development You are required to research and evaluate the impacts that successful implementation of at least two of the factors above would have on an organisation of your choice. Provide examples of organisations within the Events sector that illustrate good practice. Answer: Introduction Total Quality Management (TQM) is an approach used in companies and firms that depict a broad and organized approach to managerial organization that aims at improving the quality of goods and services. The requirements of TQM differ from one organization to the next, but they all adhere to the set standards and has since been adopted and applied to almost all organization that can be imagined with examples of schools, hotel management, and even highway management (Wilkinson, Redman, Snape, and Marchington, 1998).TQM standards contain a series of four categorical processes. They include planning, doing the planned activity, checking how the process runs and acting toward your findings. The Genesis And History Of Tqm The concept of process control and the efforts made to produce a quality product is nothing new in our today time. It has been traced by historians dating as far back as 3000B.C in the Babylonian empire. The Babylonians did put preference in the quality of production mainly from the Hammurabis code, a ruler of Babylon at the time. This law depicts a particular concern for quality during production (Sims, 1995). This process control is believed to have begun with the pyramid construction in Egypt when a quarrying and a dressing system was designed. Not far from the time of pyramid construction did the Greek architectures surpass the Egyptians in military based areas. They showed control when they indulged in ship building in Venice introducing a rudimentary system in the production process and product standardization. In these two systems work done by an operative was inspected. A decision to accept or rejecting the agent's work was then made (Montgomery, 2007). However as the product ion process grew larger, problems arose such as: there was an increase in technical difficulties, which required specialized skill which was not passed by production workers, there were instances where inspectors did lack training, in other circumstances to increase output the inspectors were given a direct order to accept substandard goods and finally people with the necessary skills and training were promoted to other areas and given new roles, leaving the semi-skilled laborers to conduct operational duties. This affected their production terribly. These challenges prompted the birth of a whole new inspectorate department in the production headed by "chief inspector" who reported to manufacturing in charge or the manager of workers. This creation of a new office came with new and organized issues of standardizing of products, recording of data, training of employees and equipment measuring. This was an issue as the responsibilities and duties of "chief Inspector" were way too more than just accepting of products and of course the responsibility to address defects whenever they emerge. The quality control department evolved, and the in charge was given a new role of inspecting the product and the role of quality control engineering (Hoyle, 2001). The rise of an industrial revolution and the emergence of the factory system, quality and control were developed. And the early concept that was applied here is still used today. There was a need for labor specialization as the many people working in a factory had to be organized. The interchangeability of roles by the worker was introduced by Eli Whitney to manufacture 15, 000 muskets for the government at the time which he succeeded. This event represented the emerging age of mass production. It was characterized by replacing a skilled craftsman as the inspector at the workbench with a specialized function of conducted inspection processes by individuals who were not directly involved in the process of production London (Kanji, Malek, and Tambi, 1999). In the 1920's, there was a birth of statistical theory in the practical quality control. In 1924 Shewhart became the first man to sketch a chart of the modern control system. Deming later developed on Shewhart's work and the early work of Deming, Shewhart, Romig and Dodge constitute the basis of our modern statistical process control. However, little of this technique was applied till late 1940's. At that time, the Japanese industrial system was not reliable. They were associated with imitation products and a workforce which was mostly illiterate. They, Japanese noted this weakness and decided to solve them with the aid of recognized Gurus, Feigenbaum, Deming, and Juran. Early 1950's excellent management practices were observed in Japanese production plants, and this became a major theme in the Japanese management philosophy. This was upheld by everyone and by 1960 quality control, and management was recognized as a national preoccupation (Deming, and Edwards, 1982). International conference regarding control of quality was first held in 1969 held in Tokyo, Japan. The term "total control" by first used by Feigen Baum and he explained that it referred to many issues like organization, planning, and management tasks. "Total Quality Control" was defined by Ishikawa and mainly referred to the general company control of quality and further described how quality control should be studied and exercised by all employees starting from management at the top to workers at the bottom. With the west countries, quality control began in the early 1980s. This was noted when companies come up with their own quality control programs and ways to compete with the Japanese advancement in quality control. In 1982, the Trade and Industry department of Britain stated that the country's world trade was on the drop and this had an adverse effect on the people's standards of living. There was great competition globally and the came up with National Quality Campaign in 1983 with BS5750 as the central theme. Its goal was to emphasize to industries the merits of quality for a chance in the competitiveness in the global market (Evans and Lindsay, 2002). International Standards Organization was developed since then and has been the standards recognized internationally for systems involved in the quality management. It entails several rules that describe the requirements for documenting, implementing and maintaining a quality system. Currently, in the 21st century, TQM has a place in many countries that gives an outline of quality helping organizations achieve excellent performance. Quality standards with ISO 9000 series and programs with quality awards such as Malcolm Baldrige and Deming prize give the specific principles and the TQM processes (Wright, 1997). Case Study 1: Excel London At Excel London, the company has used several techniques in the corporation to ensure employees commitment. These techniques are; Affective Commitment in Excel; in the general description, this is understood as the workforce's constructive emotional bonding to the organization. At Excel, the corporation has created an environment such that the employees have an emotional bonding with the body. They find it in their hearts to stay with the organization not because they are forced to but because it is their choice to do so. The corporation has enabled this through the level of respect and the power given to the workers. The workers are free to air their concerns to the managers and even pose suggestion on the area in which they feel needs improvement (Yusof, and Aspinwall, 2000). The workers also feel obligated to the business because of the world class employee treatment they get from their managers and the free, fair and open promotional practices that happen in the organization. At excel the promotion chances are open to every employee who is hard working and has had an excellent history of customer service (D ale, 1999). The second technique that Excel London uses to ensure employee commitment is the continuance commitment where the employees show commitment to the organization because the thought of losing a position at Excel given the high standards of workers' image that the employee earns by working at a global recognized institution like Excel gets. They organization has ensured this by creating a variety of reasons like the high financial salary with many benefits, several social costs relating to ties and reputation and many more make the employee be very committed to the organization given that not so many corporations out there offer similar rates of payments and benefits and have the same brand image as Excel London (Kanji, Malek, and Tambi, 1999). Excel London has also ensured employees commitment by creating a normative commitment where the workers have an obligation to the Excel London. It has achieved these through the various services provided to their employees at a personal or social level and in return the workers feel obligated to return the favor by being committed to the Excel London company. The loyalty showed by the workers in their working areas is strong due to individual value perspectives that define his or her behavior in the business or due to social norms that relate to the environment the organization belongs to (Schmitt, 2009). Excel London kept measures to ensure continuous improvements in the organization. This measure is; Upholding high standards in their products and services; Excel London aims to increase its productivity by maintaining the high-quality services they provide. Though the event organizers the corporation aims at organizing events convenient to their customers regarding the room sizes to accommodate all the members, decoration of the chamber and provision of excellent audio and visual systems. The exhibitors are there of high-quality art works and stature displays to the visitors. Employees motivation and participation; the organization focuses on the level of services that their employee give to their customers. And to ensure quality service delivered which in turn will result in the growth of the Excel London the organization has carried out employee motivation through high payments and provision of benefits to workers. It has also motivated them through the equal opportunity of promotions to every employee and salary increment. Continuous improvement processes; the organization has installed measure of continuously coming up with the new structures, decorative, and services offered by the new experienced laborers and emerging technology to improve the quality of services they offer. By so doing it has been building its brand name over the years and-and thus increasing the number of visitors it gets. The impact of efforts made to ensure workers commitment and continuous improvement of the organization have led to success of the business and a worldwide brand image the organization has due to its classy services. Positive result when it comes to the Excel London Hospitality department where the workers deliver a modern class hospitality practices such as serving food and drinks at the hearts of visitors experience. Event organizers and exhibitors and catering service work together, through a union commitment practice to creating meetings and menus and other performance experiences that enhance the experience of the visitors, and this leads to a more successful outcome. This success is what has attributed Excel London to be receiving visitors all-round the year. Case Study 2: O2 This is an organization aimed at delivering cutting-edge, innovative games across all and any discipline in which they specialize at. These controls include sound, lighting, event management and logistics, scenery and a sustainable and environmentally friendly event production. The corporation has a professional and a dedicated approach to service and delivering of events of the best standards. The corporation does this by providing an extensive production service which by far takes the pressure off event management companies as well as private clients (Jones, 2014). The company has incorporated various aspects and techniques to in ensuring workers' commitment. These measures are; Employees engagement; The success of O2 has by far and wide been associated with the committed and motivated workforce. The corporation has provided an environment in which they make the employees feel that they play a paramount role in making the organization realize its goals. The O2 group also make the employees understand that the company values their contribution. The company has invented a mean to determine employee's level of commitment to the organization and their working condition and through the frequent dialogue the O2 group can get the employees complained and suggested areas of improvement. The body then takes the necessary action to ensure employees comfortability and satisfaction in their field of operation. Provision of a great working environment; The O2 corporation has a very attractive and homely atmosphere at this by itself is a motivating factor for the employees. The working environment and the brand image of the O2 boost the morale of the employee improving the level of services they offer (Greep, 2016). Training and rewarding of the workers; To raise the employee's commitment to the organization the company provides a uniform training of the workers equipping them with the relevant skills and services necessary to the delivery of services ant O2. Afterward, it undertakes the rewarding exercise to that employee who deliver excellent services. This has lost the employees commitment to the organization as they all want to be rewarded (Rother, 2009). The organization has also attained a system to achieve continuous improvement over the years. These are; Provision of opportunities to all employees in giving their views in the various areas they think needs improvement. The organization has given the employee the mandate to point out relevant sectors that need improvement in the group be it on management, operating environment, and even salary issues (Evans, and Lindsay, 2002) Incorporation of the employees in the attainment of the company goals. The company has provided the employees with the goal that they would wish to attain and requested the to be a part of its realization. This for years has increased the employee's output making them work towards the growth of the company (Greep, 2016). Provision of training to workers and staff. The organization has been providing training to their employees especially the ones who are in direct contact with their customers making them have the necessary skills and knowledge in the service rendering process. This over the year has built the brand name of O2 hence receiving, even more, visitors and hence promoting the corporation's growth ((Evans, and Lindsay, 2013) The impact of efforts made to ensure workers commitment and continuous improvement of the organization have led to increased number of visitors being received at the O2 corporation. Profits have been realized by the organization as the more the visits the more the profits. The O2 has also been able to expand their operations in terms of services and production taking advantage of the different needs of their visitor hence expanding their profits margins. This has also led to more jobs also being created due to the continuously expanding O2 organization (Greep, 2016). Conclusion TQM is a crucial concept and when applied in the correct manner to an organization or a company in its day to day operation then the results will certainly be rewarding. It is, however, important to note that for an efficient performance TQM should be practiced at all stages of the organization (Connolly, and Wall, 2011). This includes the lowest employees up the ladder to the managing directors and CEO of the organization. The beauty of TQM is that it is applicable to all departments of an organization including the finance, production, marketing and information departments (Kaplan, and Norton, 1996). Employees are given the mandate of decision-making and problem-solving hence improving on the quality standard of goods produced by the organization. TQM aims at bureaucratic decentralization approach in an organization (Walton, 1988). Recommendation Companies dealing with goods or services need to exercise total quality control management. By so doing the are going to increase their productivity, efficiency and avoid mistakes which could easily have been avoided if quality management practices were incorporated in administration. An organization should take into account the effort of an employee and give them a say in matters. By so doing they will be enhancing the morale of the worker hence an even better service rendering shall be exhibited by them (Goetsch, and Davis, 1997) Bibliography Connolly, C., and Wall, T., 2011. The global financial crisis and UK PPPs. International journal of public sector management, 24(6), pp.533-542. Dale, B., 1999. Total quality management. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Deming, W.E. and Edwards, D.W., 1982. Quality, productivity, and competitive position (Vol. 183). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for an advanced engineering study. Evans, J.R., and Lindsay, W.M., 2002. The management and control of quality (Vol. 5, pp. 115-128). Cincinnati, OH: South-Western. Evans, J.R., and Lindsay, W.M., 2013. Managing for quality and performance excellence. Cengage Learning. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 1997. Introduction to total quality. 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